Which act deals with the privacy protections of personal health information?

The correct answer is rooted in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, commonly referred to as HIPAA. This legislation, enacted in 1996, is specifically designed to protect individuals' medical records and personal health information. It establishes a set of national standards for the protection of certain health information, ensuring that patient information is kept confidential and secure.

HIPAA's privacy rule sets restrictions on how health care providers, health plans, and other entities handle protected health information (PHI), granting patients specific rights over their health information. These rights include the ability to access their records, request corrections, and be informed about how their health information may be used or disclosed.

Other options do not focus on the privacy of health information in the same way that HIPAA does. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) primarily addresses discrimination based on disability, while the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) relates to the regulation of employee benefit plans, including health plans but not specifically to privacy. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) prohibits discrimination based on genetic information but does not provide a comprehensive framework for the privacy of health information.

Thus, HIPAA stands out as the legislation that specifically provides strong privacy protections for personal health information.